PROTEOBACTERIA >> Alpha >> Anaplasma >> Anaplasma phagocytophilum
ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM
| Class: | Alpha Proteobacteria |
| Genus: | Anaplasma |
| Species: | Anaplasma phagocytophilum |
| Description: | Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative, obligate bacterium of neutrophils. It causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, which is a tick-borne rickettsial disease. Because this bacterium invades neutrophils, it has a unique adaptation and pathogenetic mechanism.[4] |
| Synonyms: | |
| Source: | Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis. This disease was first identified in 1990, although this pathogen was known to cause veterinary disease since 1932. Since 1990, incidence of this disease has increased, and it is now recognized in Europe. This disease was first identified due to a Wisconsin patient who died with a severe febrile illness two weeks after a tick bite. During the last stage of the infection, a group of small bacteria were seen within the neutrophils in the blood. Other symptoms include fever, headache, absence of skin rash, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and mild injury to the liver. |
| Pathogenicity: | This organism produces a number of pathogenic factors that aid virulence. These include specific adhesins for neutrophils, virulence factors that inhibit both phagosome-lysozome fusion and production of reactive oxygen species that would normally kill the bacterium. The bacterium also inhibits programmed cell death of the neutrophil (apoptosis) and induces expression of interleukin-8, which causes neutrophil chemotaxis, thereby increasing the spread of the bacterium throughout the host organism. |
| Genbank: | NC_007797.1 [Genome] [Nucleotide] |
| Size (Mb): | 1.47 |
| GC %: | 41.6 |
| Genes: | 1,141 |
| CDS Number: | 1,058 |
| Reference: | Dumler JS, Choi KS, Garcia-Garcia JC, et al. (December 2005). "Human granulocytic anaplasmosis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum". Emerging Infect. Dis. 11 (12): 1828–34. doi:10.3201/eid1112.050898. PMC 3367650. PMID 16485466 |
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